Our approach includes: (a) Compile field data on the environmental variable of interest (direct environmental data) and documented occurrences of the species to be used as indicators (b) define species optima for the environmental variable (c) use georeferenced records of the indicator species to calculate species-based environmental values (indirect environmental data) (d) generate maps using direct and indirect environmental data as input data for interpolation (e) validate the maps.

We developed and tested a method that combines information on species–environment associations and the spatial distribution of indicator species (as retrieved from repositories such as GBIF) to improve mapping accuracy of environmental variables.

Despite the growing demand for digital environmental maps, scarcity of environmental field samples to be used as input data often constrains the accuracy of such maps, especially for soils.

Maps of environmental characteristics are needed to improve our understanding of species distributions and ecosystem dynamics.

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